The core materials of flame-retardant wallpaper: Flame-retardant wallpaper is not made of a single material, but achieves its fire-retardant function through the synergistic effect of a base material, coating, and additives. Common materials include:
1. Base Material:
- Glass fiber: Resistant to temperatures above 600℃, forming a heat insulation layer when exposed to fire (refer to GB 8624-2012 Classification of Burning Performance of Building Materials).
- Non-woven fabric: Polyester fibers treated with flame retardants have an oxygen index ≥32 (ASTM D2863 standard), shrinking rather than spreading during combustion.
- Flame-retardant paper layer: Traditional paper impregnated with flame retardants such as ammonium phosphate, low cost but relatively weak durability.
2. Flame-retardant additives:
- Inorganic: Aluminum hydroxide (decomposition endothermic temperature 200℃), zinc borate (inhibits smoke generation).
- Organic: Brominated flame retardants (such as decabromodiphenyl ether, but its use is restricted in some countries).
Flame Retardant Technology Principles and Performance Standards
1. Flame Retardant Mechanism:
- Endothermic Reaction: Aluminum hydroxide decomposes upon heating, absorbing a large amount of heat (approximately 1.2 kJ/g).
- Oxygen Isolation: A dense char layer is formed during combustion, such as phosphate additives.
2. Industry Certifications:
- Chinese Standard: B1 flame retardant grade (GB 8624-2012), requiring a burning rate ≤100 mm/min.
- EU Standard: EN 13501-1 Class B-s1,d0, smoke density and dripping must meet standards.
Comparison with Ordinary Wallpaper and Purchasing Recommendations
1. Safety Differences:
- Ordinary wallpaper (such as PVC-based) easily melts and drips when exposed to fire, while flame retardant wallpaper can delay the spread of fire by at least 15 minutes (UL94 test).
2. Applicable Scenarios:
- Public places (hospitals, schools) must use flame-retardant wallpaper with a rating of B1 or higher; for children's rooms in homes, it is recommended to choose products without halogen additives.
